Comparative Analysis of Milk Production and Per Capita Availability in Gujarat and Maharashtra, India

India is the world's largest milk producer, accounting for around 22% of global milk production, with significant contributions from cooperative dairy sectors. Among the leading milk-producing states are Gujarat and Maharashtra, which have witnessed distinct trajectories in milk production and per capita availability. This study aims to perform a comparative analysis of milk production and per capita milk availability between Gujarat and Maharashtra over the last two decades, shedding light on the factors driving these trends and the implications for the dairy sector. Milk production in India has grown substantially, particularly due to the expansion of cooperative dairies like Amul in Gujarat. The dairy sector provides crucial entrepreneurial opportunities, contributing not only to the economy but also to nutritional security. The study reveals that Gujarat has consistently led in milk production, largely owing to its well-established cooperative model, particularly in districts like Banaskantha, Anand, and Mehsana. In contrast, Maharashtra, though initially lagging behind, has shown significant growth in recent years, closing the gap with Gujarat in milk production and per capita availability. Between 2001-02 and 2022-23, Gujarat's milk production grew by approximately 194%, while Maharashtra's increased by 147%. Despite Gujarat’s higher overall production, Maharashtra has witnessed a faster growth rate in recent years, especially in the 2020s. The study also examines per capita milk availability, where Gujarat consistently outperformed Maharashtra, but the latter's growth rate has outpaced Gujarat's in recent years, particularly after 2020-21. Key contributing factors to these trends include infrastructure investments, the expansion of private dairy companies, technological advancements in dairy farming, and government support. Moreover, urbanization, rising incomes, and growing demand for dairy products have driven increased milk availability in both states. Statistical analyses of growth trends show that Gujarat’s per capita availability of milk grew at a Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) of 4.02%, while Maharashtra’s CAGR was slightly higher at 4.32%. This research underscores the significant strides made by both states in enhancing milk production and availability, highlighting the role of cooperative models in Gujarat and the recent acceleration of infrastructure development in Maharashtra. Continued investment in dairy infrastructure, sustainable practices, and rural market access will be crucial in meeting the future demand for milk and milk products in India.