Interpenetrating Polymer Networks in Biomedical Fields: Recent Advanced and Applications

ABSTRACT Recent developments in polymer materials have led to an increased implementation of hydrogels in biomedical settings, especially in the creation of smart hydrogels. Traditional single‐network hydrogels often exhibit challenges, such as poor mechanical strength, insufficient biocompatibility, and slow response rates. To address these issues, researchers have introduced Interpenetrating Polymer Network (IPN) hydrogels, which significantly improve mechanical strength via topological entanglements and physical interactions. This dual‐network design not only enhances biocompatibility but also responsiveness to stimuli, endowing the hydrogels with distinctive properties like cell adhesion, conductivity, hemostatic functions, antioxidant abilities, and color‐changing properties. The purpose of this article is to elucidate the factors that trigger stimuli responsiveness in IPN hydrogels, their impacts on cellular behavior, and the various biomedical applications they can serve. A comprehensive overview is provided regarding their classification, mechanisms, performance attributes, and related subjects. Ultimately, this review emphasizes the promise that smart IPN hydrogels hold in fulfilling the increasing need for innovative materials with improved mechanical features and biocompatibility in the biomedical sector.