Mathematical Model to Determine LoRaWAN Gateway's Coverage Range in The Urban Area with Contour Index Parameter

LoRaWAN is a wireless communication technology that supports long-distance connectivity for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. The quality of LoRaWAN signal and coverage range depend on many parameters, one of them is the contour condition of the area covered. In an urban area, the contour mostly impacted by how many high buildings stand within the area. LoRaWAN signal quality refers to the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) which can be determined from drive test activities. This study focuses on developing a mathematical model to determine the distance between LoRaWAN gateways and IoT sensors considering specific RSSI values and utilizing the urban contour index parameter. Many drive test activities have been performed with more than 3000 data produced. The result of this study is to provide a better understanding of how factors such as city topography and RSSI signal strength affect the effective distance in LoRaWAN communication. The developed mathematical model can be a valuable tool in planning and optimizing LoRaWAN networks in urban environments, thus improving IoT communication efficiency within them.