American tegumentary leishmaniasis mimicking myiasis and granulomatous vasculitis: A case report

Rationale: American tegumentary leishmaniasis comprises cutaneous and mucocutaneous manifestations caused by parasitic infections by various Leishmania species. This report details the clinical interventions for a patient with American tegumentary leishmaniasis in Mendoza, Argentina, a non-endemic region. Patient concerns: A 43-year-old male was admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Mendoza, Argentina Republic with a history of progressive nasal discharge, septal perforation, facial pain, and pruritus. Despite treatment for presumed nasal myiasis and vasculitis with granulomatosis, symptoms persisted. Diagnosis: American tegumentary leishmaniasis. Interventions: Intravenous liposomal amphotericin B. Outcomes: Follow-up at 30 days showed no recurrence of symptoms with a remarkable clinical improvement of the nasal lesion. Lessons: This case sheds light on the necessity of accurate identification for timely intervention and the need to recognize the diverse manifestations of American tegumentary leishmaniasis to avoid misdiagnosis.