On the Moduli of Lipschitz Homology Classes

Abstract We define a type of modulus $$\operatorname {dMod}_p$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>dMod</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> for Lipschitz surfaces based on $$L^p$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> -integrable measurable differential forms, generalizing the vector modulus of Aikawa and Ohtsuka. We show that this modulus satisfies a homological duality theorem, where for Hölder conjugate exponents $$p, q \in (1, \infty )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , every relative Lipschitz k -homology class c has a unique dual Lipschitz $$(n-k)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> -homology class $$c'$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> such that $$\operatorname {dMod}_p^{1/p}(c) \operatorname {dMod}_q^{1/q}(c') = 1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>dMod</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>dMod</mml:mo> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and the Poincaré dual of c maps $$c'$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> to 1. As $$\operatorname {dMod}_p$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>dMod</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> is larger than the classical surface modulus $$\operatorname {Mod}_p$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>Mod</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , we immediately recover a more general version of the estimate $$\operatorname {Mod}_p^{1/p}(c) \operatorname {Mod}_q^{1/q}(c') \le 1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>Mod</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>Mod</mml:mo> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , which appears in works by Freedman and He and by Lohvansuu. Our theory is formulated in the general setting of Lipschitz Riemannian manifolds, though our results appear new in the smooth setting as well. We also provide a characterization of closed and exact Sobolev forms on Lipschitz manifolds based on integration over Lipschitz k -chains.

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Journal
Journal of Geometric Analysis
Published
2025-02-06
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12220-025-01916-6
Citations
2
Primary Topic
Advanced Topology and Set Theory
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article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
8.18

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article

On the Moduli of Lipschitz Homology Classes

Ilmari Kangasniemi, Eden Prywes
2 citations
Journal of Geometric Analysis
Advanced Topology and Set Theory
8.18
article

On the Moduli of Lipschitz Homology Classes

Ilmari Kangasniemi, Eden Prywes
article en
2 citations

Abstract

Abstract We define a type of modulus $$\operatorname {dMod}_p$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>dMod</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> for Lipschitz surfaces based on $$L^p$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>L</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:msup> </mml:math> -integrable measurable differential forms, generalizing the vector modulus of Aikawa and Ohtsuka. We show that this modulus satisfies a homological duality theorem, where for Hölder conjugate exponents $$p, q \in (1, \infty )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mo>∈</mml:mo> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mi>∞</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , every relative Lipschitz k -homology class c has a unique dual Lipschitz $$(n-k)$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>n</mml:mi> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>k</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> -homology class $$c'$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> such that $$\operatorname {dMod}_p^{1/p}(c) \operatorname {dMod}_q^{1/q}(c') = 1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>dMod</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>dMod</mml:mo> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and the Poincaré dual of c maps $$c'$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> </mml:math> to 1. As $$\operatorname {dMod}_p$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>dMod</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> is larger than the classical surface modulus $$\operatorname {Mod}_p$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:msub> <mml:mo>Mod</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:msub> </mml:math> , we immediately recover a more general version of the estimate $$\operatorname {Mod}_p^{1/p}(c) \operatorname {Mod}_q^{1/q}(c') \le 1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>Mod</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:msubsup> <mml:mo>Mod</mml:mo> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> <mml:mrow> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> <mml:mo>/</mml:mo> <mml:mi>q</mml:mi> </mml:mrow> </mml:msubsup> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:msup> <mml:mi>c</mml:mi> <mml:mo>′</mml:mo> </mml:msup> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>≤</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , which appears in works by Freedman and He and by Lohvansuu. Our theory is formulated in the general setting of Lipschitz Riemannian manifolds, though our results appear new in the smooth setting as well. We also provide a characterization of closed and exact Sobolev forms on Lipschitz manifolds based on integration over Lipschitz k -chains.

Journal of Geometric AnalysisVol. 35(3)
Princeton University (US), Syracuse University (US)
National Science Foundation, Princeton University, Division of Mathematical Sciences
Openalex Percentile: Top 4%
Advanced Topology and Set Theory
8.18
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