Aero-optical imaging deviation-based study of exposure times for a typical blunt-ended air vehicle

In this paper, based on aero-optical imaging deviation, the exposure time required for the transition from transient to steady state under different boundary conditions is investigated for a typical blunt-ended air vehicle, and two methods of determining the flight state of a typical blunt-ended air vehicle are proposed. It is shown that the lower air density at higher altitudes leads to a decrease in the heat transfer efficiency and prolongs the time required to reach thermal equilibrium. The increase in Mach number accelerates the heating of the optical dome but delays the process of the system reaching steady state. Therefore, when optimizing the design to mitigate aero-optical effects, it is more critical to control the maximum temperature of the air vehicle at steady state than simply pursuing a high Mach. This study provides an important theoretical basis for the design of hypersonic air vehicles.