How People in Eight European Countries Felt About the Safety, Effectiveness, and Necessity of COVID-19 Vaccination: A Cross-Sectional Survey
<b>Background/objectives:</b> Attitudes towards COVID-19 vaccination vary globally, influenced by political and cultural factors. This research aimed to assess the views of people without a healthcare qualification in Europe on COVID-19 vaccination safety, effectiveness, and necessity as well as how well informed they felt. The secondary outcomes focused on how respondents' views were affected by demographic and context factors and included a comparison by country of the level of feeling well informed. <b>Methods:</b> A mixed-method cross-sectional online survey in eight European countries, using convenience sampling. <b>Results</b>: A total of 1008 adults completed the survey, 60% of whom were female. While only 44.1% considered the vaccines safe, 43.5% effective, and 44.9% necessary, 80.0% had been vaccinated. Four in ten adults strongly agreed that they were well informed, while over a quarter did not answer the question. Younger respondents, well-informed individuals, and German respondents were more inclined to perceive COVID-19 vaccination as both effective and necessary. <b>Conclusions</b>: Motivations for vaccination included perceived health and social benefits, while concerns included a preference for "natural immunity", the rapid development of the vaccine, and potential unknown long-term effects. A correlation existed between respondents feeling well informed about the different COVID-19 vaccines in their country and the likelihood of having been vaccinated.
Authors
- Felix Bauch
- Vija Siliņa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9736-7201)
- Aleksandar Zafirovski (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1259-688X)
- Michael Harris (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7166-2971)
- Vanja Lazić (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9336-3534)
- Heidrun Lingner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2074-0367)
- Christine Brütting (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0232-778X)
- Marija Zafirovska (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3166-1090)
- Kristien Coteur
- Nicola Buono (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8797-477X)
- Liljana Ramasaco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8062-9906)
- Lara-Marie Fuehner
- Jelena Danilenko (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4466-6109)
Institutions
- University of Bern (CH)
- University of Ljubljana (SI)
- University of Elbasan (AL)
- Medizinische Hochschule Hannover (DE)
- College of Nursing in Celje (SI)
- Riga Stradiņš University (LV)
- MSD (Latvia) (LV)
- German Center for Lung Research (DE)
- Società Italiana di Medicina Generale (IT)
- University of Bath (GB)
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (DE)
- KU Leuven (BE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Healthcare
- Published
- 2025-02-06
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13030344
- Primary Topic
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00