Review of Epilepsy Perceptions and Attitudes Across Different Countries

This review synthesizes findings from multiple studies examining perceptions, beliefs, and attitudes toward epilepsy across various countries and populations. Misconceptions about epilepsy are widespread, with shared beliefs attributing the condition to supernatural causes, viewing it as contagious, and advocating for the segregation or isolation of individuals with epilepsy (PwE). These stigmatizing attitudes significantly negatively impact the social integration, education, and employment opportunities for PwE. For example, studies from Mali, Nigeria, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Egypt, and Ethiopia revealed that many teachers, parents, and community members hold misconceptions about epilepsy, including its contagiousness and association with mental retardation or supernatural powers. Such beliefs contribute to high levels of stigma, leading to the exclusion of PwE from educational and social activities and even marriage. Addressing these misconceptions through targeted education and awareness programs is essential for reducing stigma and improving the quality of life for PwE. Healthcare professionals, educators, and community leaders are critical in shifting perceptions and promoting inclusive environments. The review highlights the need for culturally sensitive intervention strategies and calls for further research to evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies in different cultural contexts.