GIS-BASED SPATIAL MODELLING TO ENHANCE TOURISM RESILIENCE AND CONSERVATION FOR SUSTAINABLE LEADERSHIP IN COASTAL COMMUNITIES

This study aims to create a spatial model for sustainable leadership in coastal communities to improve both tourism resilience and conservation efforts in those areas. The idea of this study stemmed from the need to better understand the importance of sustainable leadership in developing coastal communities and tourism. 366 respondents from the coastal areas in Kuala Terengganu and Marang answered the questionnaire. The statistical tool and geographical information system (GIS) were used to analyse the data. The findings show that critical thinking abilities, ethical and moral skills, and community involvement in tourism development have significant positive effects on sustainable leadership, making them vital elements in driving sustainable leadership forward. Cluster analysis groups the five sustainable leadership practices into three categories. Apart from certain domains like critical thinking, ethical and moral concerns, and sustainable leadership, the spatial analysis results show that sustainable leadership practices are typically strong in Kuala Terengganu and Marang. GIS analysis reveals a high density of sustainable leadership practices in coastal communities across different scales. The application of statistical analysis coupled with GIS can effectively identify the sustainable leadership that leaders in coastal areas adhere to.