Risk Factors of Pneumonia in Children: A Study in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

<i>Background: </i>Pneumonia remains a significant health concern in children in developing countries. The identification of risk factors is an important step in formulating effective interventions. <i>Aim: </i>This study has been conducted to assess different risk factors associated with pneumonia. <i>Methods: </i>A cross-sectional study of six months has been conducted by enrolling a total of 65 children presenting with pneumonia in Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & Institute, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Between February 2024 to August 2024. Demographic, socio-economic, environmental, nutritional, and immunization data are discussed. <i>Results: </i>The cohort consisted of 54% males and 46% females, distributed as 31% infants, 38% toddlers, and 31% preschoolers. A considerable number, 50%, belonged to lower socio-economic classes and were undernourished. Also, solid fuel use was 42%, indoor smoking was 32%, and vaccination coverage was very low-28% pneumococcal and 36% influenza. The severity of pneumonia was mild in 49%, moderate in 38%, and severe in 13%. Logistic regression analysis showed that being underweight, indoor smoking, and low immunization coverages are independent risk factors with significant OR values of 3.2, 2.8, and 2.1, respectively. <i>Conclusion: </i>The multi-factorial causes of pneumonia in children require health interventions targeting socioeconomic, environmental, and health-related risks to improve the prognosis among children in Bangladesh.