GIS ANALYSIS OF NEIGHBOURHOOD ENVIRONMENT DETERMINANTS THAT INFLUENCE WALKABILITY IN PENANG, MALAYSIA

Understanding the relationship between urban design and physical activities is crucial. Studies have identified three key neighbourhood environment indices that enhance walkability. This research investigates the influences of these indices on residents’ walkability to community facilities in two neighbourhoods in Penang Island, Malaysia. Using geographic information system (GIS) technology, we analyse the effect of the built environment on walkability through buffering and thematic map analyses. Pulau Tikus features medium- and low-density housing with enriched community facilities, whilst Tanjung Tokong has a higher residential density, more road intersections and more diverse housing options. Findings indicate that Pulau Tikus offers better amenity accessibility, whilst Tanjung Tokong’s high-rise residential buildings and diverse housing types enhance walkability. This study highlights the relationship amongst residential density, road intersections, mixed land use and walkability in two residential neighbourhoods. Higher residential density and more road intersections increase walking activity, whilst mixed land use further influences resident mobility patterns. These insights can aid urban planners in designing more walkable, liveable and sustainable neighbourhoods.