Gifts and Bribes as Reflections of the Diplomatic Image of the First Saudi State during the Latter Half of the 18th and Early 19th Centuries

Gifts, as a distinct historical reflection of time and space, have drawn the attention of the social sciences and humanities for many centuries. As unique examples, they speak not only about the giver but also about the recipient. Their presence reflects the political and economic landscape, as well as the diplomatic skills practiced during that period. Exactly through this prism, the author explores the gifts received and given under specific circumstances related to various events in Dirʿiyyah, the capital of the first Saudi State, in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. By analyzing these gifts, the study uncovers the diplomatic prowess and relationship of the authorities in Dirʿiyyah with the Ottoman sultan, as well as the economic power, political independence, and adept diplomacy of the ruling Saud family.