HISTORICAL ASPECTS OF PECTUS EXCAVATUM

Pectus excavatum (PE), also known as "funnel chest," is the most common congenital malformation of the chest wall, with historical references dating back to ancient Egypt. This article explores the historical evolution of PE, tracing its recognition, terminology, and medical interpretations over time. Early descriptions emerged in the 16th century, with significant developments in understanding its etiology and treatment occurring in the 19th and 20th centuries. Various hypotheses have been proposed regarding its causes, ranging from genetic predisposition to diaphragmatic contracture and skeletal abnormalities. The surgical treatment of PE has evolved from early attempts at costal cartilage resection to modern minimally invasive techniques, particularly the Nuss procedure. This review highlights key historical milestones, influential figures in the field, and the progressive refinement of surgical interventions that have shaped the current approach to managing pectus excavatum.