Solely Light‐Induced Integrate‐and‐Fire 1T‐Neuron Operation and Implementation of the McGurk Effect

The increase in global data processing demands cannot be addressed with the limited architecture and processing speeds of existing technologies. Therefore, neuromorphic systems designed to emulate the functionalities of the human brain have emerged as a potential solution to address this issue. In this study, integrate‐and‐fire characteristics are successfully implemented using a single transistor to create a neuron‐like device within neuromorphic systems. The device employs oxide semiconductors as the channel and dielectric materials, ensuring structural stability and complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor compatibility. TiO 2 is used as the channel material because of its high photoresponsiveness. Further, voltage pulses are applied to the bottom gate to simulate electrical firing in a biological neuron model. Optical firing is achieved by directly exposing the channel to ultraviolet light using only optical stimuli. Moreover, the neuron‐to‐synapse transition behavior that depends on the modulation of the read voltage is observed. This study aims to mimic human brain activity and the McGurk effect is successfully replicated by simulating the integration of auditory and visual stimuli through the combined action of electrical and optical inputs.