Generalized framework for straintronics in two-dimensional quantum materials using group theory

There is a growing need for strain modeling in the rapidly developing field of straintronics and two-dimensional materials. Here, by means of group theory the authors formulate a general microscopic theory of strain which considers the symmetry of the lattice and the bonds within the unit cell. They identify when and how many scalar and vector potentials can arise from strain in single and multilayer systems. Thus, for example, strained low-energy bilayer graphene is shown to have two vector potentials. This formulation allows for a greater range of materials to be studied in quantum transport experiments.