Renewable Energy for Electric Mobility: Assessing Energy Sources for Charging Infrastructure using Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Approach

Governments worldwide are aiming for 100% electric mobility as fossil fuel resources run out. Almost every country has announced its deadline to go 100% electric mobility as the existing fossil fuel resources get exhausted and leave our planet dry and void of traditional petrol and diesel. Manufacturers are developing new electric vehicles with long-term goals to become carbon neutral. However, achieving these goals requires addressing various obstacles, including the current capacity of existing grids and the availability of alternate energy sources. Several parts of the world still don't receive 24-hour electricity, let alone meeting the demands of upcoming EVs. Alternate energy sources must be recognized to supplement the excess energy requirement imposed by the newer EVs. However, no such single source of energy can be implemented to all regions of the world, as some parts of the world receive no sun fall to the contrary some parts receive abundant sun fall, while some regions may receive a high wind speed whereas some do not receive a good wind speed. Hence, we need to account for every condition to select the optimum technology for a particular location. This paper uses real-life analytics to suggest which energy sources make sense economically, environmentally, socially, and feasibly in different regions. It also provides a framework for deploying charging stations with alternate fuels, addressing implementation challenges and economic considerations. The study presents case studies of successful RES-integrated EV charging stations and outlines future research directions for optimization and scalability.