FUTURE-AI: international consensus guideline for trustworthy and deployable artificial intelligence in healthcare
Despite major advances in artificial intelligence (AI) research for healthcare, the deployment and adoption of AI technologies remain limited in clinical practice. This paper describes the FUTURE-AI framework, which provides guidance for the development and deployment of trustworthy AI tools in healthcare. The FUTURE-AI Consortium was founded in 2021 and comprises 117 interdisciplinary experts from 50 countries representing all continents, including AI scientists, clinical researchers, biomedical ethicists, and social scientists. Over a two year period, the FUTURE-AI guideline was established through consensus based on six guiding principles-fairness, universality, traceability, usability, robustness, and explainability. To operationalise trustworthy AI in healthcare, a set of 30 best practices were defined, addressing technical, clinical, socioethical, and legal dimensions. The recommendations cover the entire lifecycle of healthcare AI, from design, development, and validation to regulation, deployment, and monitoring.
Authors
- Georgios Kaissis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8382-8062)
- Jayashree Kalpathy-Cramer
- Smriti Joshi
- Oriol Pujol (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7573-009X)
- Gianna Tsakou
- Ben Glocker (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4897-9356)
- Kaisar Kushibar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7507-5208)
- Melanie Goisauf (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3909-8071)
- Maciej Bobowicz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3608-1960)
- Kostas Marias (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3783-5223)
- Richard Osuala (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1835-8564)
- Marina Camacho
- Julia A. Schnabel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6107-3009)
- Marleen de Bruijne (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6328-902X)
- Mónica Cano Abadía (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7726-9222)
- Noussair Lazrak
- Klaus Maier‐Hein (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6626-2463)
- María A. Zuluaga (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1147-766X)
- Nick Papanikolaou (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8546-1196)
- Zohaib Salahuddin (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9900-329X)
- Folkert W. Asselbergs (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1692-8669)
- Markus Wenzel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6540-1476)
- Wendy Rogers (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9186-870X)
- Alejandro Federico Frangi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2675-528X)
- Stefan Klein (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-6784)
- John Mongan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2765-7451)
- Sandy Napel (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6876-5507)
- Martin G. Tolsgaard (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9197-5564)
- Lauren A. Fromont (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2900-3868)
- Professor Gary S. Collins (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2772-2316)
- Fred Prior (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6314-5683)
- Celia Cintas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8064-9189)
- Lameck Mbangula Amugongo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6468-2643)
- Katrine Riklund (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5227-8117)
- Mahsa Shabani (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7128-0474)
- Luis Martí‐Bonmatí (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8234-010X)
- Eva Weicken
- Susanna Aussó (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6981-0752)
- M. Jorge Cardoso (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1284-2558)
- Sara Colantonio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2022-0804)
- Karim Lekadir (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9456-1612)
- Antonio R. Porras (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5989-2953)
- Marie-Christine Fritzsche (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8056-2462)
- Irène Buvat (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7053-6471)
- Marius George Linguraru (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6175-8665)
- Manolis Tsiknakis (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8454-1450)
- Martijn P. A. Starmans (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5086-7153)
- Curtis P. Langlotz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-8051)
- Leonor Cerdá-Alberich (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5567-4278)
Institutions
- Namibia University of Science and Technology (NA)
- Champalimaud Foundation (PT)
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ES)
- Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione "Alessandro Faedo" (IT)
- University of Copenhagen (DK)
- University of Leeds (GB)
- Children's National (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Colorado School of Public Health (US)
- Inserm (FR)
- German Cancer Research Center (DE)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- King's College London (GB)
- EURECOM (FR)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute (DE)
- Erasmus MC (NL)
- TUM Klinikum (DE)
- Rigshospitalet (DK)
- University of California System (US)
- Helmholtz Zentrum München (DE)
- Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe (ES)
- Ghent University (BE)
- Maastricht University (NL)
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Massachusetts General Hospital (US)
- Biobanking and Biomolecular Resources Research Infrastructure Consortium (AT)
- Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation (DK)
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (ES)
- Health Data Research UK (GB)
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers (NL)
- National Research Council (IT)
- University College London (GB)
- Imperial College London (GB)
- University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus (US)
- Technical University of Munich (DE)
- Universitat de Barcelona (ES)
- Gdańsk Medical University (PL)
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (US)
- Institut Curie (FR)
- University of Amsterdam (NL)
- Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas (GR)
- Umeå University (SE)
- Stanford University (US)
- Macquarie University (AU)
- KU Leuven (BE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- BMJ
- Published
- 2025-02-05
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2024-081554
- Citations
- 237
- Primary Topic
- Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 155.08
Funders
- Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation
- Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
- Cancer Research UK
- National Institute for Health and Care Research
- Royal Academy of Engineering
- European Commission
- Agency for Science, Technology and Research
- Agence Nationale de la Recherche
- National Natural Science Foundation of China
- Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação
- Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
- KWF Kankerbestrijding
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
- Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo
- National Institutes of Health
- HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Medical Research Council
- National Health and Medical Research Council
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III
- European Regional Development Fund
- Institute for Information and Communications Technology Promotion
- Fogarty International Center
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering
- H2020 Health