Sclerotic dentin: physiological and pathological aspects of its formation

Background. Sclerotic dentin forms as a result of ­aging or in response to pathological factors such as caries, erosion, or mechanical damage, including the effects of dental treatments. These changes reduce the elasticity and strength of dentin, promoting crack formation, which negatively impacts the adhesion of resto­rative materials. Given the growing demand for long-term treatment success in older patients, understanding the impact of sclerotic dentin on treatment outcomes is crucial for improving clinical protocols. The aim of this review was to investigate the structure and mechanisms of sclerotic dentin formation, as well as its impact on the mechanical properties of teeth and the effectiveness of adhesive restorations. The role of these changes in the context of mo­dern clinical approaches to treatment was evaluated. Conclusions. Sclerotic dentin deteriorates the mechanical properties of the tooth, reducing its resistance to loads and affecting the adhesion of composite materials. Further research is required to optimize clinical protocols and improve the effectiveness of restorations in teeth with these changes.