Assessment of laparotomy-induced stress response in opium- and morphine-addicted rats by measuring serum glucose and corticosterone levels: an animal experiment

Our study suggests that chronic opioid use may reduce the neuroendocrine response to surgical stress, as shown by lower CS levels in the addicted rats. This aligns with existing research on opioids and stress responses. However, the small sample size and lack of baseline measurements limit the findings. Future studies should use larger, more diverse samples and additional biomarkers. This pilot study highlights the need for further research on altered stress responses in opioid-addicted patients undergoing surgery, emphasizing the importance of tailored postoperative care.