Exploring the interactions in the mixtures of cationic Gemini and biologically significant anionic surfactant sodium cholate in presence of drug proponolol hydrochloride

Abstract The objective of the present study is to evaluate the binding properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients with mixture of surfactants with the aim of reducing the amount of the surfactants as well as the excipient for the pharmaceutical formulations and drug delivery applications. Therefore, a study of the interactions between the ionic surfactant sodium cholate (SC) and a cationic Gemini surfactant (12-2-12) in the presence of the drug propanolol hydrochloride (PH) in aqueous solution was carried out using conductance measurements. The effect of temperature and composition of the mixture was evaluated using critical micelle concentration (CMC) and other related parameters. For the mixture of SC + 12-2-12 in aqueous PH solution, the CMC of the mixed systems (CMC exp ) decreases with increasing temperature. However, at a fixed temperature, CMC exp tends to decrease with increasing mole fraction ( α 1 ), reaching a minimum at α 1 ≈ 0.7 and increasing thereafter. The ideal value of the CMC (CMC id ) is always higher than the experimental CMC exp , revealing synergistic interactions among the amphiphilic molecules studied. The free energy of micellization (Δ G o m ) is negative, while the enthalpy and entropy of micellization (Δ H o m and Δ S o m ) suggest the existence of hydrophobic interactions as the main driving force for micellization.