DC Series Arc Fault Detection Capability With Frequency Spectrum Analysis Using <i>LCL</i>-Type Boost Converter for PV Applications

Module level power electronics can achieve the maximum power generation for each photovoltaic (PV) panel. However, it increases the possibility of an arc fault between the PV panel and the DC/DC converter. The damaged and loose connector can induce the DC series arc fault condition. Previously, the frequency-domain analysis using PV current, such as Fourier transform and wavelet transform, was widely employed for series arc fault detection. However, the arc fault detection performance is not consistent according to the system configuration. This paper investigates the DC series arc fault capability using the frequency spectrum analysis based on the impedance of the power converter. From the characteristics of the arc fault condition, the boost converter comprising the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">LCL</i>-type filter can clarify the arc fault condition in the frequency-domain analysis. The operational principle and design methods are analyzed while considering series arc fault detection and power conversion. The experimental results using an 800-W prototype converter can verify the arc fault detection using the frequency spectrum analysis.