Bilayered Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for the Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol and Chloroquine in Pharmaceutical and Biological Samples

A new, cost-effective selective and highly sensitive electrochemical sensor (poly(cobalt(II) bis(1,10-phenanthroline) and copper(I) bis(2,2-bipyrdine)), poly(Co(Phen)<sub>2</sub>/Cu(Bip)<sub>2</sub>)/GCE) was synthesized based on the sequential electropolymerization of diaquabis(1,10-phenanthroline) cobalt(II)iodide dehydrate ([Co(Phen)<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>]I<sub>2</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O) and bis(2,2'-bipyridine)hydroxyl copper(II) iodide ([Cu(Bip)<sub>2</sub>OH]I) at a glassy carbon electrode. The established sensor (poly(Co(Phen)<sub>2</sub>/Cu(Bip)<sub>2</sub>)/GCE)) was employed for the simultaneous electrochemical determination of paracetamol (PCM) and chloroquine (CQ). The established sensor was characterized by FTIR, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical performance of unmodified GCE and poly(Co(Phen)<sub>2</sub>/Cu(Bip)<sub>2</sub>)/GCE was evaluated for the simultaneous voltammetric determination of PCM and CQ. Using poly(Co(Phen)<sub>2</sub>/Cu(Bip)<sub>2</sub>)/GCE and optimized conditions, the simultaneous square wave voltammetric determination of PCM and CQ shows linearity in the concentration range between 0.5 and 200 μM, with sensitivity of 0.389 and 0.462 μA/μM and detection limits (LOD) of (3δ/m) 4.38 × 10<sup>-2</sup> and 7.48 × 10<sup>-2</sup> μM, respectively. Poly(Co(Phen)<sub>2</sub>/Cu(Bip)<sub>2</sub>)/GCE showed excellent performance for the simultaneous sensing of PCM and CQ in pharmaceutical, serum, and urine samples, with spiked recoveries exceeding 98.9, 97.9, and 98.2%, respectively, demonstrating low LOD, excellent sensitivity, admirable selectivity, venerable repeatability, and long-lasting stability. Poly(Co(Phen)<sub>2</sub>/Cu(Bip)<sub>2</sub>)/GCE's selectivity for the simultaneous determination of PCM and CQ was shown, demonstrating excellent selectivity despite potential interferences like sulfamethoxazole (SMX), salbutamol (SBM), guanine (Gua), and atorvastatin (ATS). These results designate that poly(Co(Phen)<sub>2</sub>/Cu(Bip)<sub>2</sub>)/GCE exhibits admirable applicability for the simultaneous electrochemical sensing of PCM and CQ in various real samples.

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Journal
ACS Omega
Published
2025-02-05
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.4c08563
Primary Topic
Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
0.00

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article

Bilayered Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for the Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol and Chloroquine in Pharmaceutical and Biological Samples

Belete Asefa Aragaw, Molla Tefera, Mulu Gashu, Atakilt Abebe
ACS Omega
Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
article

Bilayered Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode for the Simultaneous Determination of Paracetamol and Chloroquine in Pharmaceutical and Biological Samples

Belete Asefa Aragaw, Molla Tefera, Mulu Gashu, Atakilt Abebe
article en

Abstract

A new, cost-effective selective and highly sensitive electrochemical sensor (poly(cobalt(II) bis(1,10-phenanthroline) and copper(I) bis(2,2-bipyrdine)), poly(Co(Phen)<sub>2</sub>/Cu(Bip)<sub>2</sub>)/GCE) was synthesized based on the sequential electropolymerization of diaquabis(1,10-phenanthroline) cobalt(II)iodide dehydrate ([Co(Phen)<sub>2</sub>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>2</sub>]I<sub>2</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O) and bis(2,2'-bipyridine)hydroxyl copper(II) iodide ([Cu(Bip)<sub>2</sub>OH]I) at a glassy carbon electrode. The established sensor (poly(Co(Phen)<sub>2</sub>/Cu(Bip)<sub>2</sub>)/GCE)) was employed for the simultaneous electrochemical determination of paracetamol (PCM) and chloroquine (CQ). The established sensor was characterized by FTIR, cyclic voltammetry (CV), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical performance of unmodified GCE and poly(Co(Phen)<sub>2</sub>/Cu(Bip)<sub>2</sub>)/GCE was evaluated for the simultaneous voltammetric determination of PCM and CQ. Using poly(Co(Phen)<sub>2</sub>/Cu(Bip)<sub>2</sub>)/GCE and optimized conditions, the simultaneous square wave voltammetric determination of PCM and CQ shows linearity in the concentration range between 0.5 and 200 μM, with sensitivity of 0.389 and 0.462 μA/μM and detection limits (LOD) of (3δ/m) 4.38 × 10<sup>-2</sup> and 7.48 × 10<sup>-2</sup> μM, respectively. Poly(Co(Phen)<sub>2</sub>/Cu(Bip)<sub>2</sub>)/GCE showed excellent performance for the simultaneous sensing of PCM and CQ in pharmaceutical, serum, and urine samples, with spiked recoveries exceeding 98.9, 97.9, and 98.2%, respectively, demonstrating low LOD, excellent sensitivity, admirable selectivity, venerable repeatability, and long-lasting stability. Poly(Co(Phen)<sub>2</sub>/Cu(Bip)<sub>2</sub>)/GCE's selectivity for the simultaneous determination of PCM and CQ was shown, demonstrating excellent selectivity despite potential interferences like sulfamethoxazole (SMX), salbutamol (SBM), guanine (Gua), and atorvastatin (ATS). These results designate that poly(Co(Phen)<sub>2</sub>/Cu(Bip)<sub>2</sub>)/GCE exhibits admirable applicability for the simultaneous electrochemical sensing of PCM and CQ in various real samples.

ACS OmegaVol. 10(6)
Bahir Dar University (ET), University of Gondar (ET)
Styrelsen för Internationellt Utvecklingssamarbete
Openalex Percentile: Top 98%
Electrochemical sensors and biosensors
DOIOpen Access PDFOpenAlex
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