The advances in the treatment of internal carotid artery dissection: a multidisciplinary approach to strategies for the prevention and management of cerebral ischemia

Internal Carotid Artery Dissection (ICAD) is a relevant vascular condition, often associated with cerebral ischemia in young adults. It is characterized by the rupture of the arterial intima, allowing blood flow into the media layer, potentially causing obstruction. This article reviews advances in the diagnosis, prevention, and management of ICAD, highlighting integrated approaches that combine pharmacotherapy, endovascular interventions, imaging technologies, and neurological rehabilitation. Anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents are essential in initial management, although more defined therapeutic criteria are still needed. Techniques such as CT angiography and magnetic resonance imaging have improved diagnosis. In cases of contraindication or failure of conservative treatment, endovascular interventions, such as stents and angioplasty, offer effective alternatives. Additionally, multidisciplinary rehabilitation approaches support neurological recovery and prevent ischemic recurrences. The review highlights gaps in standardizing clinical protocols and concludes that an integrated and personalized approach is essential to optimizing ICAD outcomes.