On printability of barium titanate reinforced PVDF nano ink for smart and flexible sensors: Rheological and concentration view point

In this research, an effort has been made to explore the feasibility of nanoparticle reinforcement of barium titanate (BTO) in PVDF/Dimethylformamide (DMF) polymeric solution for DIW application. This study also explores the feasibility of 2D printing a box pattern for developed polymeric composite ink using dispenser-based phenomenon on the platform of Microplotter proto printer which is capable of printing high viscosity inks up to 450cp. The study also explores the fluidic response of developed ink to control its printability. The results suggest that 5 wt% PVDF/DMF solution works without any difficulty in nozzle ejection. The density and viscosity of the composite ink increase with increased BTO content. The highest recorded values for density and viscosity in the PVDF/DMF solution matrix reinforced with 28 wt% BTO are 1275.6 kg/m 3 and 57.6 cP, respectively. The surface tension observed to be decreased above a 24.5 wt% reinforcement, attributed to the dominant hydrophilic nature of BTO at higher concentrations. Additionally, a feasibility study on 2D printing of the developed inks indicates success, as the inks were effectively printed using a dispenser-based technique. Thus, a higher BTO-reinforced PVDF/DMF matrix can be used in future studies for better piezoelectric yield which is crucial for sensor applications.