Geochemical and Thermodynamic Study of Formation Water for Reservoir Management in Bibi Hakimeh Oil and Gas Field, Iran

This research evaluates the mineral ions and their concentrations in formation water from five well samples of the Bibi Hakimeh oil field (Iran). The analysis reveals the presence of calcium (Ca2+), sodium (Na+), and magnesium (Mg2+) cations, as well as sulfate (SO42−), bicarbonate (HCO3−), and chloride (Cl−) anions, which are soluble in water within the Bibi Hakimeh oil formation. Furthermore, mineral deposits of CaSO4, CaSO4.2H2O, CaCO3, and MgCO3 are investigated and predicted using StimCADE 2 software. The findings highlight the significant chemical precipitation of calcium sulfate and calcium carbonate mineral deposits under the operating conditions of the Bibi Hakimeh oil well. The geochemical composition of the formation waters is discussed to understand the equilibrium conditions and possible influence of the physical parameters. Additionally, this study examines the interaction between rock and water of the Bibi Hakimeh formation, revealing a notable correlation between the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions and the water–rock reaction in this field.