The possibility of applying the bioremediation process on soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons

Soil pollution from petroleum hydrocarbons has recently become a growing global problem. The introduction of pollutants into the soil has serious consequences in different areas of human activities. Many global oil companies have recognized this problem and have started to rehabilitate certain locations. In order to achieve the most effective remediation, various methods of remediation were considered. Bioremediation method was recognized as the main method in the remediation of soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons. Bioremediation is a cost-effective technology that biologically transforms pollutants into non-toxic compounds or completely degrades them. Bioremediation is based on enzymatic reactions of microorganisms that use carbon compounds as energy for growth and development, and the final products of these reactions are water and carbon dioxide. Purification does not require the introduction of new chemicals into the environment, and no new emissions are generated. Treated soil is no longer considered waste and can be reused for landscaping purposes or as building material. All this includes bioremediation in green technology and it corresponds to the concept of sustainable development. The aim of this paper is to present the process of bioremediation and the possibilities of its application on soil contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons.