Phycocyanin from Sp. platensis: taxonomy, structure and properties, medical application (review)

Introduction. Phycocyanin is a natural blue pigment found in spirulina that has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antitumor properties. Text. Phycobiliproteins, which are the main components of light-harvesting complexes in cyanobacteria and red algae, contain chromophores (phycobilins) that are covalently bound to protein subunits and are responsible for light absorption. These complexes form phycobilisomes capable of efficiently collecting and transferring light energy to photosynthetic reaction centers. Phycocyanin extraction requires the selection of a suitable cell destruction method in order to extract the protein while preserving its structure and function. Both physical and chemical methods can be used for this purpose. Subsequent purification includes several stages, during which ballast proteins and other impurities are removed. It may include fractionation with ammonium sulfate and a set of chromatographic methods. An important aspect is quality control, which is carried out using spectrophotometry. The stability of phycocyanin can change under the influence of various environmental factors such as light, temperature and pH. To increase its stability, stabilizers are used, which can act as mono- and disaccharides, as well as inorganic salts. Phycocyanin has a wide range of beneficial properties for the body, such as antioxidant activity, anti-inflammatory effect, protection of organs and tissues, as well as antitumor effect. It has virtually no toxic effect even at high doses, which opens up broad prospects for the development of new medicines. Conclusion. Phycocyanin is a promising substance for medical use. However, there are difficulties associated with its extraction, purification and stabilization. In order to expand the scope of its application, further research is required aimed at developing more effective methods of preparation and stabilization.