Panic attacks

A panic attack is a sudden, intense episode of anxiety and fear that often occurs without warning. It may be accompanied by severe physical symptoms, such as a racing heart, rapid breathing and sweating. The exact cause of panic attacks is unknown, but risk factors have been identified. Recurring unexpected panic attacks over a period of 4 weeks is termed panic disorder. Panic attacks that occur in specific situations or scenarios are known as phobias, including agoraphobia and social phobia, and are commonly seen in patients with panic disorder. This article gives an overview of panic attacks, their assessment, criteria for diagnosis and an approach to management in primary care.