Orchard systems offer low-hanging fruit for low-carbon, biodiversity-friendly farming
Abstract As core constituents of healthy diets, fruits are often cultivated in temporally stable and structurally complex ecosystems that harbor high levels of biodiversity. However, high-intensity orchard management can lessen the human and environmental health benefits of fruticulture. In the present article, we argue that increased emphasis on biological control could contribute to preventative management of fruit pests, weeds, and diseases, resulting in pesticide phasedown. Carefully calibrated orchard management can increase the provision of ecosystem services by above- and belowground biota, improve soil health, and store atmospheric carbon. When tactically integrated with agroecological measures, behavior-modifying chemicals, or digital tools, biological control helps to conserve pollinator or soil fauna, protect vertebrate communities, and improve vegetation restoration outcomes. Its implementation can, however, give rise to scientific and social challenges that will need to be explored. By resolving the adoption hurdles for biological control at scale, human society could enjoy the myriad benefits of nature-friendly fruit production.
Authors
- Fiona H. M. Tang (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8119-4016)
- Maria de Fátima Ferreira da Costa Pinto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0043-2538)
- Maged Elkahky (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0549-2687)
- Alejandro Tena (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5001-4334)
- Jana Collatz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8412-3790)
- Edmundo Barrios (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5421-0714)
- Julia Osterman (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9142-3580)
- Paul K. Abram (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8564-6227)
- Marilene Fancelli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5004-1236)
- Alexandra‐Maria Klein (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2139-8575)
- Kris A. G. Wyckhuys (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0922-488X)
- Catherine A. Lindell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3425-2252)
- Jorge Cancino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3287-3060)
Institutions
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (IT)
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (CA)
- University of Freiburg (DE)
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (BR)
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (IT)
- Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias (ES)
- Agroécologie (FR)
- Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CN)
- Agroscope (CH)
- Chrysalis BioTherapeutics (United States) (US)
- Agassiz Research and Development Centre
- Monash University (AU)
- Michigan State University (US)
- University of Gothenburg (SE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- BioScience
- Published
- 2025-02-04
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biae140
- Citations
- 3
- Primary Topic
- Plant Physiology and Cultivation Studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 5.25
Funders
- European Commission
- Svenska Forskningsrådet Formas
- Carl Tryggers Stiftelse för Vetenskaplig Forskning