Central Retinal Vein Occlusion vs. Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion: A Comparative Overview

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) is the second most common vascular disease of the retina after diabetic retinopathy, with a growing global burden. In 2008, an estimated 16.4 million people were affected worldwide, increasing to 28.06 million by 2013. Of these cases, 23.38 million involved branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), while 4.67 million were due to central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO). RVO occurs when the retinal veins become blocked, leading to fluid accumulation, haemorrhages, and potential vision impairment. It is broadly classified into central and branch occlusions, each with distinct clinical features and implications. Understanding these differences is essential for timely diagnosis and effective treatment. This article explores their causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic methods, treatment options, and prognoses.