Advances in Optical Sensors for Magnesium Ion Detection

Magnesium ions (Mg²⁺) play a crucial role in various biological, environmental, and industrial processes, making their accurate detection essential for medical diagnostics, water quality monitoring, and agricultural applications. Optical sensors have emerged as a powerful tool for Mg²⁺ detection due to their high sensitivity, selectivity, and real-time monitoring capabilities. This review highlights recent advances in optical sensing technologies for Mg²⁺ detection, including fluorescence, colorimetric, and plasmonic sensors. Key developments in sensor design, novel recognition elements, and nanomaterial-based enhancements are discussed. Additionally, challenges such as interference from other cations, detection limits, and practical applicability are addressed. Future directions focus on improving selectivity, miniaturization, and integration with wearable and point-of-care diagnostic platforms. These advancements pave the way for more efficient and reliable Mg²⁺ sensing technologies across diverse fields.