Comparison of Apically Extruded Debris Using Neoniti A1, ProTaper Gold, and WaveOne Gold Rotary Files in Mandibular Premolars: An In Vitro Study

Background: One of the main stages of root treatment is mechanical preparation, which is performed using manual and rotary instruments with rotational and reciprocal movement. Complete debridement of the root canal in the preparation process is essential for a successful endodontic treatment. This study investigated the amount of apically extruded debris using WaveOne Gold, ProTaper Gold (PTG), and Neoniti A1 rotary files in mandibular premolars. Methods: As many as 60 mandibular premolar teeth were divided into three equal groups. Each group was prepared with a rotary file (WaveOne Gold, PTG, or Neoniti A1). Then, debris measurements were performed using the Montgomery method, and SPSS v-26 and robust and Brown-Forsythe tests were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that the highest and lowest amounts of extruded debris were in the PTG and WaveOne Gold files, respectively. There was a significant difference between the means of the three groups (P ˂ 0.05). In addition, to further evaluate the difference, the Games-Howell post hoc test was utilized, demonstrating a significant difference between the means of all three groups (P ˂ 0.001). Conclusion: The findings revealed that all systems extrude debris beyond the apical foramen. The WaveOne Gold system showed the lowest average value of apically extruded debris, followed by Neoniti A1, while ProTaper had the highest average value of apically extruded debris among the investigated systems. Thus, it is recommended that future studies investigate the effects of the properties and characteristics associated with the type of rotary files.