Burden of Antibiotic-Resistant Urinary Tract Infections in Rural Females: Insights from a Cross-Sectional Study in Bangladesh

Background: Antibiotic-resistant urinary tract infections (UTIs) pose a significant public health challenge, particularly in rural areas where access to healthcare is limited. Understanding the prevalence and factors contributing to antibiotic resistance in this population is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies. Objective: This study aimed to assess the burden of antibiotic-resistant UTIs among rural females and identify sociodemographic and clinical factors associated with antibiotic resistance. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Satkhira Sadar Hospital from October 2023 to March 2024, involving 290 rural female participants with UTI symptoms. Data were collected through structured interviews and laboratory analysis of urine samples to determine the presence of uropathogens and their antibiotic resistance profiles. Statistical analyses, including Chi-square tests and logistic regression, were performed to explore associations between resistance and various factors. Results: The predominant uropathogen identified was Escherichia coli (69%). Antibiotic resistance was observed in varying degrees, with moderate resistance to ampicillin (30%), azithromycin (35%), and doxycycline (40%), while lower resistance rates were noted for imipenem (10%) and meropenem (5%). Significant associations were found between antibiotic resistance and factors such as age (p=0.045), education level (p=0.032), history of incomplete treatment (p=0.001), and hospitalization due to UTIs (p=0.038). Conclusion: The findings highlight a considerable burden of antibiotic-resistant UTIs among rural females in Bangladesh. Factors such as age, education, and treatment history significantly influence resistance patterns. These insights underscore the need for targeted public health interventions, including education on antibiotic use and adherence to treatment protocols, to combat antibiotic resistance effectively.