Continuing exposure to disadvantageous material and perceived economic factors on self-rated health in different life stages: fixed effects analyses with data from the German Socioeconomic Panel

While predominantly accumulation effects were found for certain factors, others showed more varied patterns. Future research should explore the mechanisms underlying these effects to develop well-timed measures that mitigate the negative health implications of continuing exposures to disadvantageous factors, emphasizing the importance of multiple exposures and later life health effects that may impede healthy ageing.