The Reduction of Embodied Carbon in Steel Structures Through the Implementation of Control Systems

The rapid expansion of global infrastructure has amplified the environmental impact of construction, particularly through the carbon footprint of structures. Addressing this challenge, this study examined the potential of vibration control systems to reduce the carbon footprint of steel-frame buildings subject to dynamic wind loads. Utilizing the Force Analogy Method (FAM), which effectively addresses nonlinearity in structural analysis, the research modeled a 10-story steel frame subjected to synthetic downburst wind time history velocities generated through spectral simulation techniques. Both passive and active control systems were implemented, with a focus on tuned mass dampers (TMDs) and active mass dampers (AMDs) to reduce structural displacements and accelerations. The results revealed that these systems not only significantly reduce the peak structural responses but also, when combined with optimized manufacturing methods, lead to a decrease in steel usage. This optimization contributes to a reduction of up to 20% in CO2 emissions during the pre-use stage of a building’s lifecycle. By enhancing the material efficiency and minimizing the environmental impacts, this research highlights the critical role of advanced control systems, supported by new nonlinear analytical methods, in promoting environmentally conscious engineering. This approach aims to guide future generations in developing structural engineering projects that prioritize sustainable practices.