Biologics in Pediatric Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome and Other Kidney Diseases—General Principles and Special Considerations

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) and other pediatric kidney diseases represent significant challenges due to their complex pathogenesis, often involving dysregulated immune responses and renal injury. Biologic therapies, defined as targeted treatments derived from living organisms, have gained traction in managing these conditions, offering a potential shift in therapeutic paradigms. This review examines the current and emerging role of biologics in treating pediatric kidney diseases, focusing on indications, contraindications, adverse effects, therapeutic positioning, and a comparison with alternative immunosuppressive treatments.