Design and fabrication of a programmable wide-angle non-polarized terahertz receiving sensor utilizing 4F rotating structure metamaterials

The research into 6G communication technology is intense, providing a focal point for terahertz metamaterials, with high-performance 6G communication sensors being a prominent area of interest. Drawing on the distinctive features of our university’s emblem, this study explores 4F rotating nanoperiodic metamaterials, leading to the design and fabrication of a wide-angle, non-polarized terahertz receiver sensor utilizing 4F rotating structure metamaterials. The 4F rotating periodic nanoscale metamaterials comprise copper-based, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, graphene, and a periodic 4F rotating structure of gold material metal pattern layer. Leveraging mechanisms such as Fabry-Pérot resonance, surface plasmon effects of nano metal patterns, and graphene Fermi level control, the material exhibits two nearly perfect absorption edges that can be gate-regulated within the 1 to 3 THz range. Based on these metamaterials, the sensor’s gate control voltage shows a clear linear relationship, achieving a Fermi level tuning of 3.2 mV corresponding to 0.2 eV, and a peak blue shift of 0.05 THz. The sensor maintains a stable absorption spectrum under both transverse magnetic and transverse electric modes, with the absorption rate dropping by <50% within an incident angle of 75 deg, and controlled at 80% within 60 deg. These unique characteristics are poised to make this sensor the new darling of 6G communication.