A Retrospective Comparative Study to Analyze Epidemiological Characteristics of Deaths with Covid–19 in 1st and 2nd Wave at AIIMS Raipur

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic's rapid spread and the absence of standardized treatment have exacerbated the public health challenge. This retrospective, comparative study aims to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 deaths during the first and second waves at AIIMS Raipur, focusing on demographic shifts, healthcare utilization, and clinical outcomes. Materials and Methods: The study population comprised all COVID-19 deaths during the first and second waves, with a sample size of 120 deaths for each wave. Data were collected from patient records, focusing on demographic, clinical, and treatment parameters. Statistical analysis utilized SPSS, employing descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: The study revealed a demographic shift towards the 40-60 age group in the second wave, with significant differences in systolic blood pressure and D-dimer levels between the waves. No significant association was found between selected demographic characteristics and survival time after intubation. Statistical analysis indicated significant epidemiological distinctions between the waves, with a notable reduction in patients seeking initial treatment outside AIIMS in the second wave. Conclusions: The research highlights significant epidemiological shifts and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 fatalities between the first and second waves at AIIMS Raipur. The findings suggest a need for adaptive treatment protocols and informed public health policies to manage the evolving pandemic. Future research should focus on broader demographic studies and longitudinal tracking to inform healthcare planning and interventions.