MODERN ACHIEVEMENTS IN THE USE OF CELLULOLYTIC MICROORGANISMS FOR PROCESSING LIGNOCELLULOSE BIOMASS

Lignocellulose biomass (LCB) is an important resource for the production of biofuels and other highvalue products. The main components of LCB are cellulose and lignin, which are difficult to decompose. Recent research has focused on the use of cellulolytic microorganisms, such as Bacillus subtilis bacteria, Trichoderma reesei fungi and Penicillium oxalicum, to effectively break down these components. The article provides an overview of modern achievements, including the use of deep eutectic solvents (DES), which showed an improvement in the availability of cellulose and an increase in sugar yield up to 80%. The use of agro-industrial waste, such as rice straw, as a substrate for the production of enzymes, helps to reduce the cost of production and supports circular bioeconomics.Strategies to increase the efficiency of enzymatic processing are described, including the development of multi-enzyme complexes and genetically modified strains of microorganisms. For example, the use of multifunctional enzymes from Clostridium cellulosi allowed to increase the yield of sugars by 30%. The possibilities of integrating mushroom co-cultures and hydrothermal processing methods that provide a synergistic effect in the processing of LCB are considered.Special attention is paid to key enzymes such as cellulases, hemicellulases and ligninases and their role in the breakdown of plant polymers. Prospects for further research are discussed, including the development of thermostable enzymes, the introduction of environmentally friendly processing methods and the integration of new technologies into industrial biorefineries.