Epidemiological and Clinical Study of Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Cattle and Humans in Maysan Province, Southern Iraq

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a serious tick-borne zoonotic disease with significant public health concerns, particularly in regions like Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. In Iraq, sporadic outbreaks have been reported since 1979. This study examines the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of CCHF in humans and livestock in Maysan Province, Southern Iraq, focusing on the connection between human and cattle infections. The study utilized a retrospective approach, analyzing 34 human cases and 45 cattle infections through hospital records, patient interviews, and serological tests (ELISA). Results showed a higher prevalence among females (61.76%), with housewives being the most affected group (55.88%). Fever, body pain, and hemorrhagic symptoms were common. Cases peaked between May and August, mainly in Amarah District. In cattle, 84.44% tested positive for IgG antibodies, indicating past exposure, and 15.56% for IgM antibodies, suggesting recent infections. Tick density was notably higher in communal grazing areas, correlating with human infection hotspots. The study concludes that CCHF remains a significant threat in Maysan Province due to ecological and human-livestock interactions. Preventive strategies, including surveillance, public education, and tick control, are critical for reducing disease transmission. Further research is recommended to explore environmental and livestock roles in disease dynamics.