In SITU HYBRIDIZATION and immunohistochemical technique for Epstein- Barr Virus (EBV) detection in Misan province breast cancer women

Breast cancer continues to be the most common malignancy and the primary cause of cancer-related mortalityamong women globally. Although conventional risk factors inadequately account for a considerable numberof cases, recent findings associate viral infections, particularly Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), with the onset andadvancement of breast cancer. This research examines the existence and function of EBV in breast canceramong women in Misan Province, Iraq. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and chromogenic in situ hybridization(CISH) were employed to analyze 70 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast tissue blocks, comprising 45malignant and 25 non-malignant samples. The results indicated a prevalent incidence of invasive ductalcarcinoma (IDC) (93.3%) among malignant cases, with EBV EBER RNA signals identified in 62% of breastcancer samples against 10% in controls, demonstrating statistically significant differences (p < 0.04). Nuclearbrown staining indicative of EBV was identified in 68% of cancer tissues using IHC. The data indicate apossible correlation between EBV infection and breast cancer, underscoring the necessity for additionalresearch into its oncogenic mechanisms and implications for preventative and treatment approaches.