Miniaturized dipole antenna applied for over sea surveillance in the UHF band in Brazil

A miniaturized, low-cost printed dipole antenna is proposed for UHF monitoring systems in sea surface surveillance applications. The antenna is fabricated on an FR-4 substrate, and experimental tests are conducted to evaluate its performance. To achieve miniaturization, an antenna dimension reduction equation is introduced, enabling a tenfold reduction along the X-axis and a twofold reduction along the Y-axis without compromising performance. The bandwidth remains at 50 MHz, with a slight increase of 0.2 dB in return loss and a 2.5 dB gain.