Integrating Renewable Energy with Internet of Things (IoT): Pathways to a Smart Green Planet

The global use of IoT-enabled devices powered by renewable energy can create a smart, efficient, and eco-friendly network. By leveraging data analytics and machine learning, these systems can predict energy consumption, optimize resources, and maintain renewable energy assets proactively. IoT device adoption is rapidly increasing, with a projected 13% growth in 2024, bringing the total to 18.8 billion devices globally. However, there is a critical need for advanced applications of IoT technology, improved sensors implementation, and up-to-date software development to control IoT devices which is essential to fully harness renewable energy and combat global warming, ultimately achieving the vision of a smart green planet. This review examines the operational and technical needs of IoT devices, their integration with various renewable energy sources using Raspberry Pi or Arduino platforms equipped with sensors (such as motion, vibration, flow, and gyroscope), and the application of machine learning in IoT devices to showcase the potential of these technologies in fostering a smart, green world. To further this investigation, the study thoroughly examined the pros and cons of integrating various renewable energy sources to develop smart systems, such as smart grids, smart cities, smart transportation, and smart waste collection. Additionally, this study also examines the challenges faced by smart IoT systems, providing critical analysis and identifying promising directions for future advancements.