Comparative study for heat transfer characteristics of magnetohydrodynamic viscous fluid in a multilayer flow flanked between nanofluids

This article examines the mixed convection heat transfer analysis of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) viscous fluid flow over a multilayer channel flanked between nanofluids comprising a porous medium. The research highlights the significance of multilayer nanofluid flow in practical applications such as petroleum filtration process, cooling of electronic systems, nuclear reactors, and solar thermal systems. Ethylene glycol (EG) serves as a coolant due to its excellent miscibility with copper (Cu), enhancing its corrosion resistance properties in the fluid flow system. The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of magnetic fields on heat transfer in a multilayer flow of Cu-EG-based nanofluids with different nanoparticles. The comparative performance of copper, copper oxide, and silver nanoparticles in enhancing the heat transfer rate is investigated. The non-dimensional equations are highly coupled, and non-linear differential equations are resolved analytically by utilizing regular perturbation approaches to get a closed-form solution. A comparative analysis between analytical results and numerical methods was done, demonstrating excellent agreement for the fluid flow momentum profile. This study reveals the magnetic field reduces heat transfer in the fluid flow system EG as a base fluid, and silver nanoparticles outperform copper, and copper oxide nanoparticles in thermal conductivity. These findings give rise to optimizing nanofluid-based systems in engineering and industrial applications.