Hemogregarines in bufonid anurans from the Brazilian Amazon, with description a new species of Lankesterella (Apicomplexa: Lankesterellidae)

Here we describe, in an unprecedented way for the Brazilian Amazon, one Apicomplexa species infecting an anuran in Pará, Brazil, using an integrative approach that includes taxonomy, providing morphology, morphometrics, and molecular data. Samples were collected between February 2021 and February 2022 in the community of Curupira, municipality of Santarém, and in the industrial area of Marabá, both in Pará state. Specimens of <i>Rhinella marina</i> and <i>Rhinella diptycha</i> were captured by hand during the active search, and blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture. One blood aliquot was used to prepare blood smears for microscopical analysis and another aliquot for further molecular analyses. Of the five <i>R. marina</i> caught, one (20%) presented parasites morphologically compatible with the parasites belonging to the genus <i>Hepatozoon</i>, while of the three <i>R. diptycha</i> caught, one (33.3%) presented parasites morphologically compatible with the parasites belong to the genera <i>Lankesterella</i> and <i>Hemolivia</i>. Based on molecular data of <i>18S</i> rDNA sequences, the <i>Hepatozoon</i> sequence obtained clustered with other parasite species recovered from Brazilian amphibians. The <i>Lankesterella</i> sp. sequence was placed in a sister clade of <i>Lankesterella</i> species described in birds and close to <i>L. minima</i>, described in amphibians. All attempts to amplify <i>Hemolivia</i> parasite DNA were unsuccessful. We described <i>Lankesterella oliviacatarinae</i> n. sp. and reported infection by <i>Hepatozoon</i> sp. and <i>Hemolivia</i> sp. in bufonids anurans from the Brazilian Amazon. This study increases knowledge of Brazilian anuran hemoparasites and confirms the importance of using an integrative approach for the taxonomy of these parasite groups.