Health-related behaviours and depression incidence amongst UK adults aged 50+: Evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Abstract Aim Physical activity (PA), and dietary fruit and vegetable intake, are important lifestyle variables that reduce risk of serious illness and mortality. Nevertheless, many older adults do not achieve government recommendations for these, which has adverse long-term impact on their health outcomes. Further, depression is common in those aged 50+, which impacts severely on quality of life and again raises risk of serious age-related disorders (e.g. Alzheimer’s disease). Here, we analyse data from the ELSA cohort study to provide up-to-date insights into the health-related behaviours and mental health status of UK adults aged 50–90. Subject and methods We used the most recent ELSA wave (Wave 10: 2021–2023). Regression models examined how sociodemographic factors influenced likelihood of meeting government PA and dietary fruit and vegetable recommendations. Then, we examined depression incidence and how PA/diet, as well as sociodemographic factors, are associated with depression. Results On PA guidance adherence, there were large disparities by wealth and education level. Higher age, current smoking, and low alcohol intake were also associated with lower adherence. Regarding dietary fruit and vegetable intake, increasing age, female sex, higher level of wealth and education, and non-smoking was associated with a higher likelihood of meeting guidelines. Depression was more common amongst females, those living alone, smokers, and those with lower wealth and education. Importantly, both PA and dietary adherence had significant beneficial effects on depression status. Conclusion This study provides crucial up-to-date insights, that can inform targeted interventions and public information campaigns to enhance the health of older adults; specifically, it points to the importance of promoting PA and dietary fruit and vegetable intake amongst lower wealth brackets.