State of the art progress of Evolvulus alsinoides in pharmacological activity and plant tissue culture: A potent Chinese medicinal plant

Evolvulus alsinoides (Convolvulaceae family), commonly known as ‘tu ding gui’ in Chinese. It is a medicinal plant with strong roots in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Its rich secondary metabolite compositions, as well as therapeutic and medical properties, yet it has limited research. This has prompted scientific investigation into its potential pharmacological benefits and bridging the gap between conventional medicine and contemporary therapeutic advancements in pharmacological research. A total of 60 papers were identified through internet databases such as Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and PubMed. Various keywords such as E. alsinoides micropropagation, phytochemistry, and pharmacology were utilized to search for information. This review extensively analyzes the applications of E. alsinoides , including extraction and quantification methodologies, secondary metabolites, and pharmacological activities. E. alsinoides contain an abundance of secondary metabolites, such as triterpenoids, flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, and essential oils, which contribute to its anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiproliferative, and immunomodulatory properties. The existence of these bioactive chemicals is consistent with their historic usage in treating a variety of illnesses and neurological conditions. E. alsinoides has enormous therapeutic potential beyond its traditional usage in Chinese medicine. The diverse medicinal profile shows that it has the potential to treat a variety of health issues. Nevertheless, thorough clinical trials and translational research are required to bridge the gap between conventional knowledge and current medical uses. This study provides a touchstone to integrate current information and identify areas for future research on E. alsinoides as a multifunctional plant, with applications in pharmacology and beyond.