Biostatistics in orthopedic surgery: Common data pitfalls and how to avoid them

Biostatistical expertise in orthopaedic research is critical as much of the research typically involves multiple research sites, complex datasets and collection strategies, and multifaceted hypotheses. However, in much of the orthopaedic literature, studies use inconsistent data collection methods without proper data auditing or validation, improper statistical methods, and overstate p-values and hypothesis testing results. Study Objectives & Rationale: In this short communication, we highlight biostatistical considerations in research design, common pitfalls in data collection and analysis, and strategies to address these challenges. Improper biostatistical methods result in biased or misleading conclusions which may adversely affect clinical practice and patient outcomes.