Manifestation of the effect of heterosis and inheritance of valuable economic traits in F1 hybrids of winter rape

Purpose. Study of intraspecific F1 hybrids of winter rape for the manifestation of heterosis and inheritance of economically valuable traits. Methods. Field (phenological observations and records), laboratory (recording of seed productivity, structural analysis of F1 hybrids), mathematical and statistical (objective evaluation of the obtained experimental data). Results. Studies on the manifestation of heterosis and the inheritance of economically valuable traits by structural elements of winter rape productivity in firstgeneration hybrids were conducted during 2022-2023 in the conditions of the experimental field of the Institute of Feed Research and Agriculture of Podillia of NAAS. The best hybrid combinations were identified, according to the characteristic “plant height”, the highest indicator of the degree of phenotypic dominance (hp) was noted in the hybrid combination Abacus/Black Giant (19.0), true heterosis (Hbt) – 7.8%, hypothetical heterosis (Ht) – 27.1%. According to the characteristic “number of pods per plant”, the highest manifestation of the effect of true heterosis – 14.5% was found in the hybrid combination Abacus/Black Giant, while the degree of phenotypic dominance (hp) was 6.8, hypothetical heterosis – 29.4%. According to the characteristic “number of seeds in a pod”, the degree of phenotypic dominance (hp) was recorded in the hybrid combination Antaria/Halytskyi and was 4.0, hypothetical heterosis (Ht) – 28.4%, true heterosis (Hbt) – 10.0%. According to the characteristic “mass of 1000 seeds”, the highest degree of phenotypic dominance (hp) was observed in the hybrid combination Chornyi veleten/Abakus, it was 37.0, hypothetical heterosis (Ht) – 26.0%, true heterosis (Hbt) – 3.8%. Conclusions. Hybrid combinations (F1) with positive dominance and the effect of heterosis are of interest for further scientific research and can be used in the breeding process to create new high-yielding varieties.