Yield and seed quality of soybeans in the Ukrainian Right-bank Foreststeppe

Purpose. To analyze the yield, structural elements of the yield and qualitative characteristics of the soybean different varieties seeds of domestic selection. Methods. Field, morphometric, weight, laboratory, mathematical and statistical. Results. Soybean varieties that differ in the duration of the growing season and ripening terms were analyzed, according to morphological characteristics and quantitative yield indicators (number of beans, seeds, seed weight), as well as seed yield and its quality. It was established that plants of the Oksana variety demonstrated the highest vegetative mass, characterized by the greatest plant height and weight. The smallest were soybean plants of the KiVin variety. It was found that the maximum number of productive junctures was formed on soybean plants of the Oksana and Khutoryanochka varieties, which contributed to the development of the largest number of fruits – beans on the plant. The shorter development period of the KiVin variety led to a decrease in the number of beans on plants. The Oksana variety prevailed over other studied plants in terms of the number of formed seeds per plant and their weight. For all varieties, the large seed fraction, with a diameter of 6 mm, prevailed. The Oksana variety had the highest content of large fraction seeds, and the Monada variety had the highest content of medium fraction seeds. The Oksana variety demonstrated the highest germination energy and germination rate for the large fraction of seeds, while the KiVin variety showed the best performance for medium and small fractions. The total yield was the highest in the Khutoryanochka and Oksana varieties. The highest protein content was in soybeans of the Monada and Oksana varieties, and the highest fat content was in seeds of the KiVin variety. Conclusions. The Oksana soybean variety was the most productive in terms of a number of indicators.